例句與造句

1. Calculation in kind would value each commodity based only on its use value, for purposes of economic accounting.
2. Calculation in kind would quantify the utility of an object " directly " without recourse to a general unit of calculation.
3. This method of calculation was advocated by the economists Otto Bauer, Helene Bauer and Otto Leichter as an alternative to calculation in kind.
4. In Neurath's phraseology, " total socialization " involves calculation in kind in place of financial calculation and a system of planning in place of market-based allocation of economic goods.
5. Without the market process to fulfill such comparisons, critics of non-market socialism say that it lacks any way to compare different goods and services and would have to rely on calculation in kind.
6. It's difficult to find calculation in kind in a sentence. 用calculation in kind造句挺難的
7. Calculation in kind was strongly advocated by the positivist philosopher and political economist Otto Neurath in the early 1920s, when much of the discussion about socialism centered on whether economic planning should be based on physical quantities or monetary accounting.
8. "' Calculation in kind "'or "'calculation in nature "'is a way of valuating resources and a system of accounting that uses disaggregated physical magnitudes as opposed to a common unit of calculation.
9. The original conception of socialism involved the substitution of money as a unit of calculation and monetary prices as a whole with calculation in kind ( or valuation based on natural units ), with business and financial decisions replaced by engineering and technical criteria for managing the economy.
10. Socialists in favor of calculation in kind argued that, in a system of in-kind calculation, waste associated with the monetary system would be eliminated, and in particular objects would no longer be desired for functionally useless purposes like resale and speculation-they would only be desired for their use-value.
11. Robin Cox has argued that the economic calculation argument can only be successfully rebutted on the assumption that a moneyless socialist economy was to a large extent spontaneously ordered via a self-regulating system of stock control which would enable decision-makers to allocate production goods on the basis of their relative scarcity using calculation in kind.
12. Robin Cox ) have argued that decentralised planning allows for a spontaneously self-regulating system of stock control ( relying solely on calculation in kind ), to come about and that, in turn, decisively overcomes the objections raised by the economic calculation argument that any large scale economy must necessarily resort to a system of market prices.
13. They claim this can be achieved through calculation in kind ( i . e . technical planning based on real physical units of demand ), a system of regulated stock control  much like that used in supermarkets  to ensure goods are replenished after they are taken and used by members of the community satisfying their self-defined needs, and the principle of the law of the minimum.
14. Otto Neurath conceptualized a comprehensive view of socialization during the socialization debates . " Total socialization " involved not only a form of ownership but also the establishment of economic planning based on calculation in kind, and was contrasted with " partial socialization " . " Partial socialization " involved the use of in-kind calculation and planning within a single organization, which externally operated within the framework of a monetary market economy.
15. :: Relevant articles : Commodification, happiness economics, outcome-based education, Reification ( Marxism ), human capital, cognitive-cultural economy, knowledge economy, gift economy, moral economy, virtual economy, post-materialism, Asabiyyah, asceticism, Blue Ocean Strategy, social business, bequest motive, mutualism ( economic theory ), precarity, micro-revenue, calculation in kind, structuralist economics, evolutionary economics, normative economics, socioeconomics, Turnpike theory, niche market, circular economy, attention economy and ecological economics . ~ discuss ! " ) 21 : 03, 16 March 2013 ( UTC)